Final answer:
Automatic de-provisioning is software-managed removal or restriction of access based on triggers, part of IAM systems, and enhances security and efficiency. Manual de-provisioning requires human intervention to revoke user access, which can be time-consuming and more prone to errors but may be needed for complex situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Automatic and manual de-provisioning represent two methods of managing user access to company systems and resources. Automatic de-provisioning involves the use of software tools that automatically remove or restrict user access to systems and data when certain conditions or triggers are met, such as the end of a contract or termination of employment. This process is often part of an identity and access management (IAM) system and can help in maintaining security, compliance, and efficiency. On the other hand, manual de-provisioning requires human intervention, where IT administrators or managers have to manually revoke access by changing permissions or deleting user accounts. Manual de-provisioning can be more error-prone and time-consuming but may be necessary for complex situations where automated rules cannot accurately capture the required actions.