Final Answer:
According to research, Brandon, who is asked to reflect on his family and the role of police officers in society, would be least likely to engage in prosocial behavior. Option D is the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in prosocial behavior when they are primed with cues related to empathy, compassion, or moral values. In the given options, Brandon's reflection on his family and the role of police officers doesn't involve a direct priming of prosocial cues. While reflecting on family might evoke personal emotions, the context of police officers may not inherently trigger prosocial behavior. On the other hand, options a, b, and c involve cues that are more directly linked to prosocial tendencies.
Caitlin, reading a passage from the Christian bible, is likely to be influenced by moral and prosocial teachings. Scott, despite being in a rush, may still exhibit prosocial behavior due to his religious beliefs. Melanie, having read about decreasing life expectancy, might be motivated to engage in prosocial actions out of concern for others. Therefore, Brandon is least likely to engage in prosocial behavior based on the information provided.
Option D is the answer.