Final answer:
Ideologies, which are sets of beliefs that address political questions, are shaped by history, traditions, customs, and religion. Society's dominant ideologies often become hegemonic, reflecting the worldview of a dominant group. Different political structures have emerged throughout history, influenced by philosophical debates and evolving ideologies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historical events, traditions, customs, and religion play significant roles in shaping ideologies. Ideologies encapsulate systems of beliefs that address fundamental political questions, such as the purpose of government, the creation of laws, concepts of justice, the function of the economy, and the role of religion in governance. Chapter 3 of the discussed text delves into how various political ideologies stem from cultural elements such as history and tradition, as well as from philosophical debate, such as the social contract theory.
Each society contains dominant ideas that create narratives around social order and collective prosperity. Often, these overarching narratives become a form of hegemony, where the ideology of a dominant group becomes the status quo for societal thinking. There is recognition that multiple ideologies often exist within a society, reflecting the diverse perspectives and experiences of different groups.
Notable historical philosophers like Plato and Al-Farabi argued for good government through virtuous leadership, while others proposed different systems like monarchies, aristocracies, and representative governments. The evolution of ideologies brings forth new forms of governance, such as the totalitarian regimes under communism and fascism. Political ideologies, encompassing beliefs from egalitarianism to conservatism, significantly influence the actions of a government and its leaders.