Final answer:
Timbre is the quality of a sound determined by the frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave, helping to distinguish different sounds of the same pitch and loudness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as timbre. Timbre is what makes a particular musical sound have a different sound from another, even when they have the same pitch and loudness. For instance, it is the timbre that allows us to distinguish a piano from a violin even if both instruments play the same note at the same volume. The frequency of the sound wave correlates with the pitch of the sound, the amplitude relates to the loudness, and the timing relates to the duration and the envelope of the sound wave.