Final answer:
The domain includes all possible inputs (independent variable values), and the range includes all possible outputs for a relation. For instance, the domain of a student's major (X) includes all offered majors, and for the number of courses taken (Y), it's the set of non-negative integers.
Step-by-step explanation:
In mathematics, the domain and range of a relation have specific meanings. The domain refers to the set of all possible input values that can be used in a function, while the range consists of all possible output values.
For a function, if X represents a student's major, then the domain of X would be the set of all possible majors that a student could declare. Similarly, if Y represents the number of classes taken in the previous semester, the domain of Y would be the set of all possible numbers of classes a student could take, which is usually the set of non-negative integers. If Z represents the amount of money spent on books in the previous semester, the domain of Z would be any amount of money from zero upwards, as one naturally cannot spend a negative amount of money on books.
The correct answer to the original question is b) Domain: values for the independent variable, Range: output values. The independent variable represents the input, and the output is the result of the function based on that input. X, Y, and Z are considered random variables because they can take any value within their domain, and the actual value is not determined until after some random process or experiment.