Final answer:
The English Bill of Rights introduced the Rule of Law, guaranteeing rights such as the right to bear arms and freedom from cruel punishment, which are reflected in the U.S. Bill of Rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle introduced by the English Bill of Rights that guarantees rights like the right to bear arms and freedom from cruel punishment is d) Rule of Law. The Bill of Rights outlines basic rights and liberties such as the right to free speech, the right to keep and bear arms, the right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment, and the protection against deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
These amendments were primarily influenced by the English Bill of Rights and were included in the Constitution to protect the personal freedoms of individuals and to provide safeguards for those accused of crimes, reflecting the demands of the Anti-Federalists for stronger individual liberties and the experiences of colonists under British rule.