Final answer:
A filibuster is a Senate maneuver used to extend debate on a piece of legislation to obstruct or kill it, requiring 60 votes for cloture to end the debate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parliamentary maneuver used in the Senate to extend debate on a piece of legislation as long as possible, with the intended purpose of delaying or preventing its passage, is known as a filibuster. The filibuster allows senators to hold the floor indefinitely by delivering prolonged speeches, essentially hijacking the debate process. To overcome a filibuster, a supermajority of 60 Senate votes is required for a motion of cloture, which ends the extended debate and allows for the bill to proceed to a vote.