Final answer:
In Chapter 18 of 'The Scarlet Letter', literary terms such as symbolism, irony, metaphor, and foreshadowing are used by Hawthorne to deepen the narrative for readers. Symbolism surrounds the letter 'A' itself, irony in Pearl's comments about nature, metaphor is seen in considering the letter as a 'passport,' and foreshadowing through Hester's reflections about the letter's teachings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter utilizes various literary terms throughout its chapters, and Chapter 18 is no exception. While the listed page number seems incorrect as this may vary by edition, the quotes can be analyzed for the appropriate terms.
Symbolism is a significant component of this novel, especially concerning the scarlet letter itself. It symbolizes sin, shame, and at times, empowerment or identity.
Irony is also present in Pearl's comment to Hester about the sunshine, suggesting that even elements of nature shun her because of the scarlet letter.
Metaphor is employed using the scarlet letter as a 'passport,' offering Hester access to experiences other women would not have, thus conveying the isolating yet unique position her punishment has granted her.
Foreshadowing might be interpreted in Hester's reflection on the lessons she learns from her punishment, hinting at future developments in the story and Pearl's potential wisdom gained from her mother's experiences.
Other literary devices to consider include similes, imagery, personification, and tone when doing a comprehensive analysis of the text.