Final answer:
The pressure due to ethanol is calculated by multiplying its density by gravity and height. The total pressure includes atmospheric pressure. The force exerted on the bottom is found by the pressure multiplied by the area, and relative density compares ethanol density to water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating various measurements related to the pressure and force due to a layer of ethanol in a rectangular vessel. Let's address each part of the question step by step.
Pressure due to Ethanol
The pressure due to the ethanol can be calculated using the formula: pressure (P) = density (p) × gravity (g) × height (h). Substituting the values, we get P = 810 kg/m³ × 9.81 m/s² × 0.055 m.
Total Pressure on the Base
The total pressure on the base of the container is the atmospheric pressure plus the pressure due to the ethanol. Assuming standard atmospheric pressure to be 101325 Pa, the total pressure is 101325 Pa + (Ethanol pressure).
Force Exerted by Ethanol
To calculate the force, we can use the formula: force (F) = pressure (P) × area (A). Here, area is 5 cm × 15 cm. Converting to meters and applying the pressure we previously found gives us the force in newtons.
Relative Density of Ethanol
The relative density, also known as specific gravity, is the ratio of the density of ethanol to the density of water (commonly assumed to be 1000 kg/m³). It is given by relative density = density of ethanol / density of water.