Final answer:
Carbohydrates are the concept related to Chargaff's rules, a biological principle concerning DNA base pairing, where adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept that is part of Chargaff's rules is c) Carbohydrates. Chargaff's rules relate to the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA, which are components of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. This rule states that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C).
Carbohydrates, on the other hand, are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule, indicating a ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen of 1:2:1, similar to water (H2O), hence the term 'hydrate'. Scientists classify carbohydrates into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.