Final answer:
The most common CYP 450-catalyzed reaction is the oxidation of organic substrates, which involves introducing an oxygen atom into the substrate. This reaction aids in drug metabolism, involving a range of CYP isoforms that contribute to hepatic clearance, and is evaluated using CYP inhibitors and substrate cocktails in liver microsomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common CYP 450-catalyzed reaction is the oxidation of organic substrates. This reaction is fundamental to the metabolism of a wide variety of compounds, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous substances. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a large family of heme proteins that participate in the metabolism and detoxification processes by catalyzing the introduction of an oxygen atom into the organic substrate (a hydroxylation reaction). This results in the conversion of lipophilic compounds into more water-soluble metabolites that can be more easily excreted from the body.
When conducting reaction-phenotyping for drug candidates, it is important to identify the relative contribution of each CYP isoform to the total hepatic clearance. This involves the use of specific CYP enzyme inhibitors to characterize the metabolism of compounds like gabapentine enacarbil and the use of a CYP substrate probe cocktail. Drug development also includes evaluating the effect of CYP inhibitors on each isoenzyme's activity using these cocktails in human liver microsomes.