Final answer:
The Brown v. Board of Education case was a historic Supreme Court decision that declared public school segregation unconstitutional, with Oliver Brown as the lead plaintiff and the Clarks' 'doll test' as evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The case of Brown v. Board of Education is a landmark case involving key people who played significant roles in the fight against racial segregation in American schools. One of the central figures was Oliver Brown, a parent who was part of the lawsuit against the Topeka public schools for racial segregation. This case is named after him because his surname came first in the alphabetical order of the various cases that were combined under this decision. The case questioned the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools and ultimately led to the Supreme Court's unanimous decision in 1954 that such segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Additionally, the case cited the Clarks' 'doll test' by social scientists Kenneth and Mamie Clark, which provided evidence of the psychological effects of segregation on African American children.