Final answer:
Kidney stones are a urinary system disorder with symptoms like severe side pain and painful urination, diagnosed through tests like CT scans and treated with medication or surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Urinary System Disease: Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are a common disorder of the urinary system characterized by the formation of crystalline materials within the renal system, often causing significant pain. Symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs, pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin, pain during urination, and other symptoms such as pink, red, or brown urine, and frequent urination. The diagnostic process may involve a medical history review, physical examination, blood tests to check for excessive stone-forming minerals, urine testing for stone-forming minerals over 24 hours, and imaging tests like a CT scan.
Treatment options for kidney stones can vary depending on the stone's size and type but might include pain relief, drinking water to help flush the stone, medical therapy to facilitate the passage of the stone, or surgical procedures in more severe cases. The relevance of the urinary and digestive systems to pharmacology is significant, as many medications are metabolized and excreted through these systems. Moreover, a sound understanding of these systems helps in the development and administration of drugs to treat various conditions.
Disorders such as kidney failure and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are additional urinary system disorders. Kidney failure occurs when kidneys can no longer cleanse the blood effectively, leading to dangerous levels of waste in the body. Urinary tract infections involve the invasion of bacteria into the urinary tract, causing symptoms like a strong urge to urinate and a burning sensation during urination.
Common Food Allergies
Foods that commonly cause allergies include peanuts, shellfish, and tree nuts. People with food allergies can experience reactions ranging from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention.