Final answer:
The question's options do not include the correct individual; Thales of Miletus is known for bringing astronomical knowledge from Egypt to Greece, including the division of the year into 365 days.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document describing Egyptian knowledge of the solar year was authored by none of the individuals listed in the question (Herodotus, Aristotle, Thucydides, Socrates). Instead, the ancient Greek philosopher mentioned in relation to bringing back knowledge of the calendar to Greece and dividing the year into 365 days is Thales of Miletus. Thales is also noted for predicting a solar eclipse, which demonstrated his advanced understanding of astronomy. This information does not directly correlate to a specific document authored by him regarding the solar year, but his contributions to Greek understanding of Egyptian and Babylonian astronomical knowledge were significant.