Final answer:
The Writ of Habeas Corpus is the document that requires evidence to support an arrest, ensuring that a detained person is brought to court to be informed of the reasons for their detention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that requires evidence to support an arrest is the Writ of Habeas Corpus. In countries that follow the rule of law, the Writ of Habeas Corpus ensures that a person held in jail has the right to be brought before a court and informed of the reasons for their imprisonment. This legal process demands that the government present adequate evidence for holding the individual; otherwise, the detained person must be released. The Magna Carta laid the groundwork for the principles of due process, and it influenced subsequent documents, including the Habeas Corpus Act and the English Bill of Rights, which incorporated the right to have charges presented as part of the broader legal framework protecting individual liberties.