Final answer:
A child trying to be attached to a caregiver can face emotional bonding difficulties, trust issues, and separation anxiety, all of which are correct challenges. The child who uses the parent as a base to explore the world establishes a secure attachment. Different interactions and responsiveness levels from caregivers lead to various attachment styles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Challenges that can be encountered by a child who is trying to be attached to a caregiver include emotional bonding difficulties, trust issues, and separation anxiety. These challenges are encompassed by the answer choice d. All of the above. Moreover, the attachment style where a child uses the parent as a base from which to explore the world is known as secure attachment, making the correct answer to the second question a. secure.
Children form different types of attachments with their caregivers, such as secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized attachment. A child with resistant attachment may display clingy behavior yet also reject the caregiver's attempts to interact, indicating a complex dynamic in their attachment process. Those with avoidant attachment tend to be unresponsive and do not seek comfort from the caregiver upon their return. These attachment styles develop through interactions between the infant and the caregiver, influencing the child's social and emotional growth.