Final answer:
Without specific data on birth and death rates and other factors like predation or disease, we cannot determine the rate of change in the deer population from 2016 to 2018. The value 'r' and negative feedback mechanisms such as predation can significantly affect deer population dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the rate of change in the deer population from 2016 to 2018, we need to consider the birth rates, death rates, and any other factors that might influence population size. If we have a scenario where the birth rates exceed the death rates over this period, we can conclude that there is a positive rate of change. Conversely, if the death rates exceed the birth rates, there is a negative rate of change. If birth and death rates are equal, the population remains unchanged, resulting in a rate of change of zero. However, without specific data, it is not possible to accurately determine the rate of change in the deer population.
When analyzing the population of species in an ecosystem, a negative change in population size would be indicated by a decrease in numbers, typically when the death rate is higher than the birth rate. Analyzing data regarding birth and death rates can help identify such trends. Additionally, outside factors like predation, disease, and changes in the ecosystem, such as a beaver damming a river, a forest fire, or chronic wasting disease, can also impact population sizes.
The concept of the value "r" in population growth helps further explain this. The value "r" can be positive, negative, or zero, indicating increasing, decreasing, or stable population sizes, respectively. In terms of deer population specifically, negative feedback mechanisms such as predation can play a significant role in stabilizing population numbers, which can have a direct impact on the rate of change.