Final answer:
The numbers for state representation in the U.S. government are based on population. Representatives must be at least 25 years old and a citizen for seven years, while Senators must be at least 30 years old and a citizen for nine years.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of your question pertains to the requirements and apportionment of representatives in the United States government. Specifically, you are asking about the characteristics that equal numbers for all states must have, in the context of representation. The correct answer to your question is (d) Numbers are based on population. This is outlined in the United States Constitution, where it states that representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, considering the whole number of persons in each state.
In addition, there are certain requirements for individuals to hold office in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. To be a Representative, a person must be at least 25 years old, have been a citizen for seven years, and be an inhabitant of the state they represent. To become a Senator, the requirements are more stringent, as they must be at least 30 years old, have been a U.S. citizen for nine years, and live in the state they will represent.