Final answer:
The concept that involves citizens giving up certain rights to gain protection by the government is the Social Contract.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept that discusses the idea of citizens giving up certain rights for the protection that the government provides is known as the B. Social Contract. Philosopher John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are significant contributors to this theory, which posits that citizens agree to surrender some freedoms in exchange for the government's services and protection of natural rights. This balance is essential for the preservation of individual rights and preventing the undue restraint of basic liberties by the government. In contrast, a Constitutional Monarchy and the Separation of Powers are different political concepts, with the former defining a monarchy limited by a constitution and the latter referring to the division of government authority among branches to prevent concentration of power.