Final answer:
Socrates makes an argument exposing contradictions in Meletus's charges of corruption of the young and impiety. He questions the logic of Meletus's claims and defends his philosophical approach to life, suggesting that he does not deserve punishment for virtuously fulfilling a divine mission.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the cross-examination of Meletus, Socrates makes a series of argumentative moves designed to demonstrate inconsistencies and contradictions in Meletus's accusations of corruption of the young and impiety. Socrates begins by questioning the logic behind the accusation that he is the sole corrupter of the youth, a claim Meletus is unable to substantiate, as no evidence or names of corrupted individuals are provided. Socrates then probes the charge of impiety, compelling Meletus to concede that Socrates's teachings on spiritual matters imply a belief in gods, thereby undermining the accusation of atheism.
Socrates's defense is rooted in his philosophical approach and his dedication to a life of seeking wisdom and truth. He views his mission as a philosopher not as one of futile rebellion but as an obedience to a higher divine calling, hence why he does not fear death but rather the failure to live virtuously according to divine will. He refuses to propose a punishment for crimes he does not believe he has committed, instead suggesting ironically that he deserves sustenance and honor for his services, which infuriates some jurors. Ultimately, Socrates’s unwavering stance and refutation of both charges show his commitment to defending the philosophical life, despite the serious consequences.