Final answer:
Shear forces are tearing forces that act parallel to the plane of an object, causing the layers to slide, which can lead to tearing in supporting ligaments of solid organs. Tension, compression, and bending forces affect materials in different ways. Any type of force can act as a centripetal force, including tension and friction, if it causes an object to move in a curved path.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tearing forces exerted against the supporting ligaments of solid organs are referred to as shear forces. Shear forces act parallel to the surface or plane of an object, causing layers to slide past each other. This action can create tearing or shearing within the structure it is applied to. In contrast, tension forces are those that pull materials apart, compression forces push materials together, and bending forces cause a material to bend, usually by applying a load in the middle of something that is supported on both ends.
Regarding centripetal force, it is the force that keeps an object moving in a circular path and is always directed towards the center of the path. Yes, any type of force like tension, gravitational force, or friction can act as a centripetal force if it causes an object to follow a curved path. Similarly, a combination of forces can also serve as a centripetal force.