Final answer:
Instrument classifications in ethnomusicology are based on how they produce sound: aerophones use air, idiophones rely on self-vibration, chordophones use strings, and membranophones use a stretched membrane. A guitar, as a stringed instrument, is a chordophone. Sounds of instruments can vary in amplitude and frequency due to their size and shape differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
In ethnomusicology, the study of music in different world cultures, instruments are classified based on how they produce sound. Here are the classifications you asked about Aerophones - These are wind instruments where sound is made by vibrating air. The flute, clarinet, and saxophone are examples of aerophones. Idiophones - These are instruments that create sound through the vibration of the material they are made from without the use of strings or membranes. Examples include bells, xylophones, and cymbals. Chordophones - These are stringed instruments where sound is created by vibrating strings. Instruments such as guitars, violins, and harps fall into this category. Membranophones - These are instruments that produce sound by vibrating a stretched membrane. Drums are the most common example of membranophones. For example, a guitar would be classified as a chordophone because it makes sound with its strings. When comparing sounds of instruments with different physical characteristics, such as different-sized vuvuzelas, you would notice differences in amplitude and frequency. One can also learn about the emotional power of music, as discussed by musician Victor Wooten, who emphasizes music's capacity to communicate beyond words.