Final answer:
The terms for changing keys within a piece and for the entire piece are modulation and transposition, respectively. Modulation allows a piece to navigate between different keys, while transposition shifts the pitch of the entire piece up or down.
Step-by-step explanation:
Changing between keys within a single piece is called modulation, while changing the key of an entire piece is called transposition. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 1) Modulation and Transposition.
Modulation is a technique used in music to change from one key to another key within a piece. Transposition, on the other hand, refers to the shifting of an entire piece of music up or down in pitch. This is often done to accommodate the range of a vocalist or instrumentalist, or to change the mood and character of the music.
In music theory, modulation and transposition are essential concepts linked to the tonal characteristics of a piece. These practices highlight the richness and variety that can be achieved by playing with the tonal foundations of a composition. Although modal characteristics were predominant during the Renaissance era, the use of root motions of fifths towards the end of the period paved the way for modern tonality and its characteristic modulation and transposition techniques.