Final answer:
The five dominant chemical species in the troposphere are nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), argon (Ar), water vapor (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). While nitrogen and oxygen are the most abundant, water vapor and carbon dioxide are critical for weather patterns and atmospheric processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The five dominant chemical species in the troposphere can be identified based on their relative abundance and roles in atmospheric chemistry and weather. The major components of dry, clean air are nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), and argon (Ar). In addition to these, water vapor (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the most abundant of the minor gases in the troposphere. Although not as abundant as nitrogen or oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide play critical roles in atmospheric processes and weather patterns. Furthermore, trace gases such as ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) also have significant effects on the chemistry of the troposphere, though their concentrations vary more than the primary constituents.