Final answer:
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities explains the hierarchy of capabilities in intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the question, the mention of a hierarchy among four capabilities suggests that the subject being discussed is related to intelligence. One theory that explains the hierarchy of cognitive abilities is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory, which classifies abilities into general, broad, and narrow levels. At the top of the hierarchy is general intelligence, followed by broad abilities like fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and processing speed. The narrow level includes specific forms of cognitive abilities, such as memory span and working memory capacity.