Final answer:
Multiculturalism in the U.S. is an educational framework aimed at recognizing and promoting the equality of all cultural traditions, and is the essence of the 'salad bowl' model where each culture retains its own identity while contributing to the whole.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiculturalism is defined as an orientation of support toward various cultures and the people who originate from them, with a belief that organizations and societies benefit from diversity. Out of the provided options, the correct definition is 3) An educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the US and promoting equality of all cultural traditions. This understanding is rooted in the view of the United States as a 'salad bowl', where various cultures are mixed together but each retains its own identity, adding flavor to the whole.
Opposing this view are ideas that the US should have one unified culture, often centered on a European heritage, which has led to drives to make English the official language in some states. However, true pluralism calls for mutual respect among all cultures, a goal that's challenging but vital for a multicultural society.
Assimilation has historically represented the process by which minority individuals or groups take on the characteristics of the dominant culture, which contrasts with the 'salad bowl' ideal where cultural differences are maintained and appreciated.