Final answer:
The transfer of cultural traits between societies is termed diffusion, which often occurs through migration or trade and leads to cultural convergence or divergence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is known as diffusion. This process includes the movement of ideas, customs, and technologies from one group of people to another, which often occurs through migration or trade. As one culture is exposed to another, elements of the former can be adopted by the latter, leading to cultural changes and the formation of new practices. This infusion of cultural elements may lead to cultural convergence or divergence, where societies become more similar or distinctly different as a result of sharing common traits or resisting external cultural influences. Examples of this include the adoption of U.S.-based fast-food franchises around the world, or the diffusion of democratic ideas across different countries.