Final answer:
To prevent an infant from scratching due to eczema, a nurse should ensure the use of appropriate moisturizers, apply corticosteroid creams as needed, maintain short and clean fingernails, use protective cotton gloves, and keep a cool and irritation-free environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
To prevent an infant with atopic dermatitis, or eczema, from scratching, a nurse should employ strategies that manage itching and protect the skin from further damage. First, ensure the skin is well-moisturized with appropriate moisturizers that are alcohol-free and designed for sensitive skin. Using corticosteroid creams, such as one with hydrocortisone, can also help reduce inflammation and the urge to scratch by alleviating itching.
Additionally, the nurse should make sure the infant's fingernails are kept short and clean to minimize skin damage from scratching. It may also be necessary to use soft cotton gloves or mittens on the infant's hands, especially during sleep or when they are unsupervised, to prevent scratching. Lastly, it is crucial to maintain a cool and comfortable environment, as sweating can exacerbate itching.
The nurse should always be observant for triggers that might cause flare-ups and educate caregivers on the importance of avoiding irritants, using lukewarm water for bathing, and the application of moisturizing creams to manage the condition effectively.