Final answer:
Ethanol's mechanism of action involves its effects on the central nervous system. It enhances the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, leading to decreased brain activity. Ethanol also affects neurotransmitters involved in pleasure and mood regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a psychoactive substance and the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks. Its mechanism of action involves its effects on the central nervous system. When ethanol is consumed, it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it affects various neurotransmitters.
One of the major effects of ethanol is its ability to enhance the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. This leads to a decrease in brain activity, resulting in sedative and calming effects.
Additionally, ethanol also affects other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which are involved in pleasure and mood regulation. These effects contribute to the euphoric and rewarding properties of alcohol and may lead to dependency and addiction.