Question

Winning on a slot machine would be considered _______ reinforcement because winning only occurs some of the time?

1) Positive
2) Negative
3) Partial
4) Conditional

Answer 1

Slot machine winnings are an example of partial reinforcement delivered on a variable ratio schedule where the reinforcement is unpredictable, making it a strong motivator for repeated behavior.

Step-by-step explanation:

Winning on a slot machine would be considered partial reinforcement because winning only occurs some of the time. This is due to slot machines rewarding gamblers with money according to a variable ratio reinforcement schedule. Such a schedule means that the number of responses needed for a reward varies and is unpredictable. For instance, reinforcement might be delivered after 1, 4, 5, and 9 responses.

In the context of operant conditioning, reinforcement meant to increase a behavior can be either positive or negative, independent of the connotation of these terms being 'good' or 'bad'. Positive reinforcement implies adding something, like winning money from a slot machine. Gambling often leverages the variable ratio schedule to keep individuals engaged, as they can never predict when the next payout will occur, which is why such a schedule is highly effective and can be addictive.