Final answer:
The third developmental stage of Erik Erikson's theory is called Initiative versus Guilt, occurring during the preschool years and focusing on developing self-esteem and a sense of initiative in children.
Step-by-step explanation:
Erik Erikson's third developmental stage, during which self-esteem begins to emerge significantly, is known as the Initiative versus Guilt stage. This stage typically occurs during the preschool years, approximately between the ages of 3 and 5. During this stage, children assert themselves more frequently and begin to take initiatives, which helps them develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate tasks. When they are able to lead and make decisions, they develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions. Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like a nuisance to others and will therefore remain followers, lacking in self-initiative.
Development of a positive self-concept is important for healthy development, as children with a positive self-concept tend to be more confident and act more independently. It's essential to support them in this stage to foster self-confidence and the willingness to try new activities. As the stage is resolved positively, children feel capable and able to lead others, setting the foundation for a healthy self-esteem that continues to grow into their later years.