Final answer:
Ethnicity is the factor that does not shape perception physiologically, unlike fatigue, hunger, and the senses. Ethnicity is a demographic and cultural factor, not a physiological one. Attention, Gestalt principles, and evolutionary psychology offer additional insights into perception.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following are physiological factors shaping perception except ethnicity. Physiological factors like fatigue, hunger, and the senses are directly involved in the process of shaping our perception. For example, being fatigued or hungry can influence how we perceive and react to stimuli in our environment. Contrary to these physiological factors, ethnicity is a demographic and cultural factor that might shape perception indirectly through experiences and societal influences, but it is not a physiological factor.
Attention is another crucial element that affects our sensation and perception, determining what is sensed versus what is perceived. For instance, while at a noisy party, we may focus our attention on a conversation and become oblivious to the surrounding sounds, demonstrating how selective attention works. Research shows that our perception does not always accurately reflect reality; instead, it is constructed by our brain based on what is relevant for our survival, resulting in a "sketch" rather than a complete picture of our surroundings.
Gestalt principles of perception and evolutionary psychology provide further insights into how perception is shaped by factors such as pattern recognition and innate preferences, which have been observed to be consistent across various cultures but also subject to individual and cultural variations.