Final answer:
The two biggest enemies of coffee that affect bean freshness are air and moisture. Climate changes have been negatively impacting coffee production, leading to shifts in output and farmer revenue. Addressing these challenges has become crucial for the sustainability of coffee production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two biggest enemies of coffee, which affect the freshness of the beans, are air and moisture. Coffee beans are highly susceptible to oxidation, which occurs when they come into contact with air. This process can cause the beans to lose their flavor and aroma. Moisture can also deteriorate the beans' quality by encouraging the growth of molds and bacteria, further compromising their freshness. To preserve the freshness of coffee, it is essential to store beans in airtight containers away from direct light and heat sources, in a cool and dry environment.
Climate change is increasingly impacting the coffee industry. In Colombia, rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns are affecting the output and production of coffee, leading to significant losses for farmers. Market fluctuations can also impact overall revenue, with price drops following good harvests and price increases during poor production years. Fair trade and sustainable practices are being considered as possible solutions to these problems, as they aim to offer more stability and support for coffee farmers dealing with challenging growing conditions.