Neurons, also called nerve cells, are specialized cells of the nervous systems that receive and transmit signals through the body.
These cells have small projections in their body called dendrites, that receive signals from other neurons and process the information. One nerve cell has many dendrites, these projections are usually branched and form what is called a "dendritic tree"
The signal travels through the nerve's body to the Axon. Neurons have only one axon that leaves the cell's body from the Axon's hillock and connects to other neurons or tissues through small bulbous structures called axon terminals.
The Axons of many neurons that innervate the same locations travel down the same route form a bundle called a nerve.
The signal transmission is performed through a chemical synapsis. The process occurs between the axon terminal of one neuron (presynaptic nerve cell) and the dendrite of the next one (postsynaptic nerve cell) if the communication is between neurons. A chemical substance called a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron and it binds with receptors in the postsynaptic neuron which translates into a new impulse.
The matches are:
Axon → Long thread-like part of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from cell to cell.
Dendrite → Short branched extension of a nerve cell that receives and transmits impulses.
Nerve → Fibers transmit impulses through the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs.
Neuron → Specialized cells that join to create nerves.
Neurotransmitter → Chemicals released from axon terminals that transfer impulses from between nerve fibers.