Final answer:
Institutional religion is often cited as the institution that most discriminates against the LGBTQ+ community, fostering an environment of systemic discrimination and prejudice through heterosexism, homophobia, and transphobia. Despite some progress in policy change and advocacy, complete equality and protection against discrimination have not yet been fully achieved.
Step-by-step explanation:
Institutional Discrimination Against the LGBTQ+ Community
The institution which most discriminates against gay and lesbian people can often be found in the realm of institutional religion. Guided by doctrines that mandate the immorality of homosexuality, these religions contribute to a societal landscape where, despite the legality of being LGBTQ+, individuals may fear violence or prejudice. This is augmented by heterosexism, an ideology that privileges heterosexuals and fosters systemic discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community.
Heterosexism is akin to racism and sexism, in that it is deeply embedded in social institutions, granting advantages to those who conform to heteronormative standards. Homophobia, rooted in an irrational aversion to LGBTQ individuals, and transphobia, the fear or dislike of transgender individuals, lead to various forms of stereotyping and discrimination. Consequently, the LGBTQ+ community faces challenges in healthcare, employment, and enactment of protective legislation, such as the yet-to-be fully approved Employee Non-Discrimination Act.
Historically, local and federal activists have made strides against discrimination, such as the anti-discrimination measures implemented in certain cities and the ban on discrimination against gay and lesbian people in all federal service jobs. Despite these advances, full equality remains elusive as transgender rights and legal protections against discrimination are still being fought for. Advocacy organizations, and the LGBTQ+ community's growing visibility and economic influence, are essential in confronting discriminatory policies and working towards equal treatment for all.