Final answer:
The gravitational force exerted on the 5 kg object near the planet's surface is 75 N.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gravitational force exerted on the 5 kg object near the planet's surface can be calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula to calculate the gravitational force is:
F = (G * m1 * m2) / r^2
Where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant (6.67 × 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2), m1 is the mass of the planet, m2 is the mass of the object, and r is the distance between the center of the planet and the object.
In this case, we know that the object falls 30 m in 2 s, so we can calculate the acceleration using the formula:
a = (2 * d) / t^2
Where a is the acceleration, d is the distance fallen (30 m), and t is the time taken (2 s).
Using the acceleration, we can calculate the force using Newton's second law:
F = m * a
Substituting the given values, we get:
F = 5 kg * (30 m / 2 s^2)
Solving this equation, we find that the gravitational force exerted on the 5 kg object near the planet's surface is 75 N.