Final answer:
The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates skeletal, smooth, and heart muscles, as well as glandular cells. Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is governed by the somatic nervous system, while involuntary control of heart and smooth muscles, and glands is managed by the autonomic nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, heart muscle, and glandular cells.
- Skeletal muscles are controlled voluntarily by the somatic nervous system.
- Cardiac and smooth muscles are influenced involuntarily by the autonomic nervous system, which also regulates glandular secretions.
- While the nervous system can modulate all three types of muscles and glands, voluntary muscle movement is exclusively controlled by the somatic nervous system, whereas involuntary functions, affecting the heart, smooth muscles, and glands, are under the domain of the autonomic nervous system.