Final answer:
The true statement about the Institute of Medicine's recommended protein intakes is that they depend on the amount of protein excreted. Intakes do not necessarily increase with age and are not higher for women compared to men; rather, they align with individual protein turnover and muscle mass requirements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Identifying a true statement about the Institute of Medicine's recommended protein intakes, option c, 'They depend on the amount of protein excreted,' aligns with the principles of protein metabolism. The Institute of Medicine's recommended protein intakes are not higher for women compared to men, as male physiology typically requires more protein due to higher muscle mass. Instead, these recommendations generally increase with an individual's muscle mass and activity level but do not necessarily increase with age alone. The guidelines are set to maintain nitrogen balance, which is influenced by factors such as protein turnover and the physiological state of the individual. Excessive protein can lead to health issues such as bone loss or kidney pressure, while insufficient protein during critical growth periods can affect growth. It's also important to note that protein quality is essential; animal proteins often have a higher biological value compared to plant proteins.