Final answer:
Vitamin K is the vitamin circulated away from the small intestine by chylomicra in the lymph because it is a fat-soluble vitamin and is transported with dietary fats in the form of chylomicrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The vitamin that is circulated away from the small intestine by chylomicra in the lymph is vitamin K. This is because vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin and is absorbed alongside dietary lipids in micelles via simple diffusion. During the digestion process, dietary fats are emulsified with the help of bile salts and lecithin, forming micelles that digest and transport fat particles. These micelles then transport the fats, including fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K, to the surface of the enterocytes. Once there, the micelles release their contents, which can diffuse across the enterocyte membrane, and are repackaged into chylomicrons. Chylomicrons, which contain triglycerides and fat-soluble vitamins, are then able to pass into the lacteals, which are part of the lymphatic system. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is option (d) Vitamin K.