Final answer:
The individuals responsible for establishing an organization's overall objectives and developing policies to achieve them are often referred to as the board of directors or executive management. They set strategic goals and ensure the organization's activities align with its mission, which is a crucial aspect of governance in both business and politics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals who reflect a group of people responsible for establishing the organization's overall objectives and developing the policies to achieve these objectives are called board of directors or executive management. These individuals are typically high-level executives or elected representatives who have the authority to set strategic goals, make significant decisions, and steer the organization towards its long-term vision. The role of these leaders involves a combination of strategic oversight and policy development, ensuring that the organization's activities align with its mission and objectives.
Another perspective within organizational theory suggests that the elite culture plays a significant role in decision-making. This term refers to those within a society who, because of their wealth, education, and position, may exert dominant influence over politics and policy. This can happen within both corporate organizations as well as in broader societal contexts.
Furthermore, elected officeholders are expected to represent the will of the electorate and act in the constituents' expressed interests. In political organizations, such as parties, the active members are vital for upholding the party's integrity and success, as they are involved in coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates. All these roles are crucial for the effective governance and representation of the organization or electorate they serve.