Final answer:
Affirmative action is the proactive measure that requires employers to make concerted efforts to recruit and promote members of protected groups to address past discrimination, enforced by the EEOC.
Step-by-step explanation:
Legislation that requires employers to make an active effort to recruit, select, train, and promote members of protected groups is called affirmative action. This concept involves proactive measures by governments or businesses to grant special opportunities to minorities in hiring, promotion, and access to education to compensate for past discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces such policies, especially for federal contractors who have lost a discrimination lawsuit. Affirmative action aims to reach a broader range of minority candidates and to support a diverse workforce, aligning with demographic changes and the increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the U.S. population and workforce.