Final answer:
The Sanitary Commission argued that women's roles in assisting male soldiers in non-combat roles such as nursing and secretarial work in the military were an extension of civilian positions accepted in society, stressing patriotic contributions and support of the war effort without threatening traditional gender roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sanitary Commission countered opposition to female nurses by emphasizing women's roles in assisting, rather than competing with, male soldiers. The Commission argued that women in nursing and secretarial positions were accepted in the civilian sector, so it made sense for them to perform similar roles in the military without threatening traditional gender roles. Advocates like Congresswoman Frances Bolton stressed that female enlistment was a patriotic contribution, freeing up thousands of men for combat roles, and was akin to women taking the place of men in civilian jobs to support the war effort. The presence of female nurses at the front lines and their role in making surgical dressings and providing comfort were vital. Moreover, female enlistment was framed as a way of honoring fallen soldiers through continued service, reinforcing the patriotic narrative. Frances Bolton and patriotic contribution were utilized to persuade the public and lawmakers.