Question

A(An) _____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA.

1. free radical
2. carotenoid
3. intrinsic factor
4. coenzyme

Answer 1

A free radical is an unstable substance capable of damaging DNA and other cellular components. These highly reactive molecules are neutralized by antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E in the body, which prevent cellular damage and disease.

Step-by-step explanation:

A free radical is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA. Free radicals are highly reactive because they contain unpaired electrons that make them seek out other molecules to react with. They typically react with cell membrane lipoproteins and unsaturated fatty acids, removing an electron and thus causing a chain reaction that can lead to oxidative degradation of these compounds, eventually causing cell damage and contributing to diseases like cancer.

The body does have defense mechanisms against free radicals in the form of antioxidants. Antioxidants neutralize these reactive oxygen species and terminate the chain reactions that cause cellular damage. Vitamins C and E, for example, are antioxidants that protect cells by reacting with free radicals and forming more stable molecules, thereby reducing the risk of damage and disease.

Answer 2

A free radical is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA. so the correct option is 1. free radical.

Step-by-step explanation:

A free radical is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA. Free radicals are highly reactive because they contain unpaired electrons that make them seek out other molecules to react with. so the correct option is 1. free radical.

They typically react with cell membrane lipoproteins and unsaturated fatty acids, removing an electron and thus causing a chain reaction that can lead to oxidative degradation of these compounds, eventually causing cell damage and contributing to diseases like cancer.

The body does have defense mechanisms against free radicals in the form of antioxidants. Antioxidants neutralize these reactive oxygen species and terminate the chain reactions that cause cellular damage. Vitamins C and E, for example, are antioxidants that protect cells by reacting with free radicals and forming more stable molecules, thereby reducing the risk of damage and disease.