Final answer:
To adjust to changes in temperature, some species migrate to cooler areas or face extinction. Migration includes long-distance travel, as seen in species like the Arctic Tern and Monarch butterfly, to cope with climatic change. The lack of migration ability or choice can lead to extinction, especially with predicted increases in global temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
To adjust to changes in temperature, some plant and animal species will migrate to cooler locations, whereas others will become extinct. Temperature fluctuations may cause animals to respond with adaptations such as migration to ensure their survival. Migration is the regular movement from one place to another and is an important adaptation for many species, especially those in seasonally cold climates. For instance, the Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) undertakes a massive 40,000 km (24,000 mi) flight annually between its southern hemisphere feeding grounds and its breeding grounds in the Arctic Ocean. Similarly, Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) migrate to Mexico and the southern United States during winter.
An extreme example of migration is seen in the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), which can travel approximately 5,000 km (3,100 mi) yearly to find food. However, not all species have the capacity for migration, such as many amphibians and reptiles, and others choose not to migrate due to the risks and high-energy cost involved. The effects of climate change are pushing species' distributions towards the poles, as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts global mean temperature will increase, causing climatic change and impacting the distribution and survival of many species.