Final answer:
Queen Liliuokalani abdicated her throne in 1893 after a coup by American planters supported by U.S. Marines. Despite attempts at restoration, annexation by the United States was finalized in 1898.
Step-by-step explanation:
Queen Liliuokalani abdicated her throne following a bloodless coup led by American planters in January 1893. The overthrow was aided by an intimidating force of 150 U.S. Marines and the support of U.S. Ambassador John L. Stevens. Despite efforts to restore her, including opposition by President Grover Cleveland to the annexation of Hawaii, Liliuokalani was never reinstated.
The annexation of Hawaii was finalized in 1898, which marked the end of the kingdom's sovereignty. Queen Liliuokalani's determination to protect the interests of Native Hawaiians and resist outside interference was central to her reign but ultimately unable to prevent annexation by the United States.