Final answer:
To apply a gauge pressure of 4.00 cm water using an effective area of 50.0 cm², one must exert a force of approximately 1.96 newtons on the balloon when providing forced breathing assistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Forced Breathing and Fluid Pressure
To assist an unconscious, breathing athlete, you should maintain their open airway and continue to monitor their breathing and circulation. If you need to provide forceful breathing assistance, it requires an understanding of fluid pressure. The question pertains to the amount of force needed to create a specific gauge pressure to inflate a person's lungs.
In this situation, a gauge pressure of 4.00 cm water is needed, which can be calculated using the equation P = F/A, where 'P' is the pressure in Pascal (Pa), 'F' is the force in Newton (N), and 'A' is the area in square meters (m2). Since 1.00 cm water equals 98.0665 Pa, 4.00 cm water would be 392.3 Pa. To create this pressure on a 50.0 cm2 (converted to 0.005 m2) effective area, F = PA becomes F = (392.3 Pa)(0.005 m2), resulting in a required force of 1.9615 N.