Final answer:
Infants with RSV are predominantly hospitalized because they cannot clear secretions from their airways, which may lead to severe breathing difficulties and the need for medical support to maintain proper oxygenation levels. RSV can cause viral pneumonia and is highly contagious with no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines available.
Step-by-step explanation:
A key reason infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) get hospitalized is because they can't clear secretions from their airways. RSV can cause severe symptoms ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to serious conditions such as pneumonia. In infants, particularly in those with underdeveloped lungs or compromised immune systems, the infection may be life-threatening. Infants may require hospitalization and medical support to assist their breathing and maintain oxygenation levels.
Viral pneumonia caused by RSV can be particularly dangerous. There are currently no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines for RSV, and it is highly contagious. Supportive care, like ventilation, may be necessary to treat the symptoms and support the infant's breathing until their immune system can clear the infection.
Another condition that affects infants, particularly preterm newborns, is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). RDS occurs due to insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, which is essential for proper lung function. This can result in difficulty breathing, low blood oxygen levels, and a need for immediate medical treatment.