Final answer:
Intelligent systems refer to commercial applications of AI designed to simulate human intelligence. They include technologies like reactive machines, with strong AI performing multiple tasks and weak AI handling singular tasks. The integration and ethical considerations of AI in industries prompt discussions about the nature and future of artificial intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Intelligent systems are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI). By definition, we can effectively define artificial intelligence as "the simulation of human intelligence by machines programmed to mimic human thought and actions." There are four types of artificial intelligence: reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-awareness. These AI systems are integral to a range of industries, including the technology that powers self-driving cars and virtual personal assistants.
AI can be divided into two categories: strong and weak artificial intelligence. Strong AI refers to systems capable of performing multiple cognitive tasks much like humans, whereas weak AI is designed to carry out mainly singular tasks. Notable philosophers such as John Searle have debated over the true nature of AI, specifically arguing that no machine could truly have a mind or consciousness akin to humans.
The development and governance of AI technology bring forth ethical considerations. In response to these ethical issues, leading industries are actively integrating intelligent systems in decision-making processes, which involve complex human software interactions. Speculation on the future of AI often centers around whether we can create non-organic machines that exhibit human-like intelligence. This ongoing research aims to further our understanding of intelligence and the capabilities of AI.