Final answer:
California has the highest number of resident American Indians, even though Arizona has a significant population including the Navajo tribe, which is the largest in the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing the state with the highest number of resident American Indians, it is important to understand that Native Americans, also legally termed as American Indian, have varying populations across different states in America. The largest Indigenous population resides in California, followed closely by states in the Southwest, namely New Mexico and Arizona. In these states, American Indians constitute significant parts of the population, with many living on reservations that offer self-governance, collect their own taxes, and operate enterprises such as casinos.
It's vital to note that the Navajo tribe is the largest in the United States and has a considerable number of members in Arizona. However, the state of California has surpassed Arizona with the highest population of Resident American Indians. Multiple factors contribute to these numbers, including historical treaties, conditions on reservations, self-determination efforts, and current socioeconomic challenges faced by Native American communities.