Final answer:
A biologically based practice utilizes substances like vitamins and herbs, sourced from plants and other organisms. Pharmaceuticals like aspirin and antibiotics are originally derived from natural compounds. Preserving biodiversity is essential for the discovery of new medicines and for psychological well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
A biologically based practice relies on substances found in nature, such as vitamins and herbs.
Humans have long utilized the wealth of medicinal compounds available in nature. For instance, many plants produce secondary plant compounds as a defense against herbivores, and some of these are also beneficial as human medicines. Societies with strong ties to their natural environment often possess extensive knowledge about the medicinal use of local plants, knowledge that was historically compiled into herbals. In addition to plants, animals have been known to self-medicate, as observed in great apes like orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas.
Modern pharmaceutical science continues to tap into nature's resources. Medicines such as aspirin, codeine, and digoxin were originally derived from plant compounds. Conversely, a significant breakthrough in medicine, antibiotics, which have greatly improved health and lifespans, are largely derived from compounds produced by bacteria and fungi. Interestingly, the search for medical breakthroughs has expanded to animal venoms and toxins, leading to FDA-approved drugs for various ailments.
Preserving biodiversity is not only crucial for maintaining the planet's health but is also essential for the continued discovery and development of pharmaceuticals, as many potential medicines are yet to be discovered in the natural world. Moreover, biodiversity is believed to offer psychological benefits, promoting well-being through interaction with a variety of natural landscapes and organisms.